Hyperemesis gravidarum is uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy that results in dehydration, weight loss, and ketosis.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting associated with ketosis and weight loss (>5% of prepregnancy weight). This condition may cause volume depletion, electrolytes and acid-base imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and even death.
Morning Sickness vs. Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Morning sickness and HG are very different conditions. They have different complications and side effects for each pregnant woman. It’s important to distinguish between these two conditions to properly treat symptoms.
Morning Sickness
Morning sickness typically includes nausea that’s sometimes accompanied by vomiting. These two symptoms usually disappear after 12 to 14 weeks. The vomiting doesn’t cause severe dehydration.
Morning sickness typically begins in the first month of pregnancy. It usually goes away by the third or fourth month. Pregnant women with morning sickness can get fatigue and a slight loss of appetite. They may have difficulty performing their usual daily activities.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
HG typically includes nausea that doesn’t go away and severe vomiting that leads to severe dehydration. This doesn’t allow you to keep any food or fluids down.
The symptoms of HG begin within the first six weeks of pregnancy. Nausea often doesn’t go away. HG can be extremely debilitating and cause fatigue that lasts for weeks or months.
HG can lead to dehydration and poor weight gain during pregnancy. There’s no known way to prevent morning sickness or HG, but there are ways to manage the symptoms.
Causes Of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Almost all women experience some degree of morning sickness during their pregnancy. Morning sickness is nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Despite the name, morning sickness isn’t confined to the morning. It can occur at any time.
Morning sickness and HG seem to have a connection to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This is a hormone created during pregnancy by the placenta. Your body produces a large amount of this hormone at a rapid rate early in pregnancy. These levels can continue to rise throughout your pregnancy.
Signs And Symptoms Hyperemesis Gravidarum
The defining symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum are gastrointestinal in nature and include nausea and vomiting. Other common symptoms include ptyalism (excessive salivation), fatigue, weakness, and dizziness.
Patients may also experience the following:
- Sleep disturbance
- Hyperolfaction
- Dysgeusia
- Decreased gustatory discernment
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Mood changes
- Decreased concentration
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